Lesson 32: Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law (JMOL)

As part of our exploration of types of motions in civil procedure, understanding the Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law (JMOL) is crucial. This motion allows a party to seek a judgment in their favor based on the insufficiency of the other party's evidence. JMOL is typically filed during or after the trial but before the case is submitted to the jury.

Legal Basis

JMOL is governed by Rule 50 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP). This rule allows a party to request the court to render a judgment based on the argument that no reasonable jury could find for the opposing party given the evidence presented.

Motion for Judgment as a Matter of Law Under Rule 50

Plaintiff hereby moves for a judgment as a matter of law on the grounds that Defendant has not presented sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find in their favor.

Timing and Procedure

JMOL can be made at two critical stages:

  • During the Trial: After the opposing party has presented their case but before the case is submitted to the jury.
  • Post-Trial: If the initial motion is denied, it can be renewed after the jury renders a verdict.
  • Initial Motion: During the trial before the jury deliberates.
  • Renewed Motion: After the jury's verdict.

Standard of Review

When deciding on a JMOL, the court evaluates whether the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, is insufficient for a reasonable jury to find in favor of that party. If the evidence cannot support such a finding, JMOL may be granted.

Diagram of JMOL Process

graph TD A["Presentation of Evidence"] --> B["Motion for JMOL (During Trial)"] B --> C{"JMOL Granted?"} C -->|Yes| D["Case Ends in Favor of Moving Party"] C -->|No| E["Case Submitted to Jury"] E --> F["Jury Verdict"] F --> G["Renewed Motion for JMOL (Post-Trial)"] G --> H{"JMOL Granted?"} H -->|Yes| D H -->|No| I["Post-Trial Motions or Appeal"]

Consequences and Strategic Use

Filing a JMOL can be a strategic move to avoid the uncertainty of a jury verdict. If granted, it provides a conclusive judgment in favor of the moving party without the need to proceed through a full jury deliberation process.

For more detailed insights into other post-trial motions, please refer to our lessons on Motion for a New Trial and Motion for Relief from Judgment.

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